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So the smoothing produced by these higher frame rates can be a lot of overkill for a production.Īnimation 1’s, 2’s, 3’s… As an animator you must understand that you would traditionally take a single photograph for each frame of animation. The human eye has shown to only be able to receive 10 to 12 images per second. Yet these framerates are not exactly necessary or even appropriate for all forms of animation or even live action. Because everything has switched to digital, filmmakers and video game artists have now seen a luxury in being able to produce framerates that playback at 60fps, 70fps, 90fps, and 120fps for many productions. Now HD digital television and the internet added even more standards built ontop of the old ways. There’s a lot more to this story but I’m keeping it simple so bare with me if you are a technology geek.īeyond Television we get a little crazy… Because television and film were the evolving media format the standards pretty much aligned to those two outlets but with the invention of the modern computer and video games there also came a lot more standards and practices. These were 30fps (NTSC) for the USA and Europe used 25fps (PAL). Also, the attempt at getting more out of the action of the played back image was important. Video cameras functioned a specific way and to squeeze an image into an energy wave that is transmitted over a long distance takes a bit more science and technique. When television was invented a bunch of standards needed to be set because signals and their bandwiths are just as important as to the size and shape of the image. This has lasted all the way to today and that frame rate is the norm. Because these two manufacturers set a standard for both filming and projection the incoming future manufacturers of cameras and projectors followed the norms and thus an industry standard was agreed upon. The manufacturers agree on the standard frame rate of 24fps. Because of this calibration syncronized sound was invented and BOOM you had synchronized image and sound that caused the film industry explosion in the early 1900’s.įilm Evolved to Television and so did animation… Now there were two main inventors/manufacturers of cameras and projectors in the early 1900’s in two different parts of the world. Also, projectors were produced with a set playback in frame rate which allowed filmmakers to calibrate their films to the projectors speed. This is what we call “Frames Per Second” or “fps” for short. Motors were introduced to the cameras to give a better control of the speed at which the films were being recorded and this resulted in a calculation of how many frames of photography are being taken in one second. So your film would look different each time it played in a different location. Playback ranged from 16fps to 22fps in theaters at this time. Basically live musicians played to both the live action and the animated films being projected. This meant that the speed at which the playback of the film was not standardized and there was also no audio syncronization. So here’s the “WHY” based on history… In the beginning of filmmaking before there was television, filmmakers had to hand crank their cameras. So basically you can do the same just get the understanding of why first. Heck Picasso could draw the human form perfectly but he got tired of that and went outside of the norm to discover new ways to express himself. Once you understand this you can pretty much break all the rules and definietly do whatever you want. HAHAHA… Okay maybe not to that extreme but you must understand why you do animation to a standard frame rate. BUT!!! There are some serious things we must discuss and for pretty much all beginning animators I must caution on going outside of the standard television, film, and even video game frame rates. In fact it’s great to explore the artform and deep exploration of alternate frames per second or alternating frames per second is actually a very advanced conversation of a greater artistic adventure. It’s not that there is anything wrong with experimentation. Or that 17fps or 20fps is an acceptible delivery format for animation. Ugh… Yes this is my first thought when I hear about beginning animators playing around in non-standard television and film formats for animation.